題目 Problem Use Newton’s method to find the zero of f(x)=x2−3f(x)=x^2-3f(x)=x2−3 with x0=2x_0=2x0=2. Perform four iterations. 解答 牛頓法的迭代公式為 xn+1= xn−f(xn)f′(xn)= xn−xn2−32xn= 12(xn+3xn).x_{n+1} =\,x_n-\frac{f(x_n)}{f'(x_n)} =\,x_n-\frac{x_n^2-3}{2x_n} =\,\frac12\left(x_n+\frac3{x_n}\right).xn+1=xn−f′(xn)f(xn)=xn−2xnxn2−3=21(xn+xn3). 由 x0=2x_0=2x0=2 開始依序計算: x1= 12(2+32)=1.75,x2= 12(1.75+31.75)≈1.732142857143,x3≈ 1.732050810015,x4≈ 1.732050807569.\begin{align*} x_1=&\,\frac12\left(2+\frac32\right)=1.75,\\[4mm] x_2=&\,\frac12\left(1.75+\frac3{1.75}\right) \approx1.732142857143,\\[4mm] x_3\approx&\,1.732050810015,\\[4mm] x_4\approx&\,1.732050807569. \end{align*}x1=x2=x3≈x4≈21(2+23)=1.75,21(1.75+1.753)≈1.732142857143,1.732050810015,1.732050807569. 因此四次迭代後的近似根為 x4≈1.732050807569,\boxed{x_4\approx1.732050807569},x4≈1.732050807569, 這已非常接近 3\sqrt33。